Example of case study

By Lim, C.P. & Hang, D (2003). An activity theory approach to research of ICT integration in Singapore schools. Computers & Education, 41:49-63

"A case study approach was adopted ...... Multiple strategies were employed for data collection and analysis: observation of ICT-mediated lessons, interviews with teachers, students, HODs (heads of dept.) and principal. The main advantages of using multiple sources of evidence are the development of converging lines of inquiry, and any finding or conclusion is likely to be more convincing and accurate if it is based on several different sources and perspectives of information. With multiple approaches within a single study, some extraneous influences may also be illuminated or nullified (Stake, 1995; Yin, 1994). In this study, such triangulation addresses the problems of validity and reliability."

"...... 15 ICT-mediated lessons were observed......in diferent subject areas......eight were conducted in the computer laboratories and the remaining seven in the classrooms...... An observation checklist was developed to guide the observation process......included the layout of the room, lesson objectives, lsson sequence, types of ICT tools and non-ICT tools used, rules and roles of participants."

"A total eight interviews were conducted; three with individual teachers, one with the principal, one with the HOD in charge of ICT, and three focus group interviews with students....... for approximately 45 min each......allowed participants to recount activities or incidences that were not observed. The interviews remained rather open-ended and conducted in a conversational manner following a set of topics that provided some form of guidinh structure......"

Therefore, if our project in conducted in case study, we may include the above essentials. e.g.:
- observe (how student choose books in library)
- interview
--student (readers vs. non-readers)
--teachers